Which term means 'of the same substance' used to describe Jesus' relationship to the Father?

• A. Consubstantial
• B. Substantial
• C. Hypostatic
• D. Personal

Answer: (A)

The idea being tested is how we describe Jesus’ relation to the Father in terms of shared essence. Consubstantial means “of the same substance,” and it is used to express that Jesus shares the same divine essence as the Father. This wording, found in the creeds, affirms that Jesus is truly God and not a different or lesser substance, preserving the unity of the divine nature within the Trinity.

Substantial is a general term about having substance and doesn’t carry the precise theological sense of sharing the same essence. Hypostatic relates to the concept of Christ’s two natures in one person, focusing on how divine and human natures unite, rather than the question of being one in substance with the Father. Personal concerns the idea of a distinct person or personhood, not the sameness of substance.